u pravu ste za jaja ali moze i bilo kjom hranom koja je zarazena,moj drug je preko pljeskavice dobio.simptomi su isti koje sam navela stoj u textu....
Salmonella infection is caused by the toxin of an intestinal bacteria that lives in animals and humans. It is most commonly caused by eating improperly prepared or stored foods. It is not the bacteria itself, but byproducts (toxins) of the bacteria that cause illness. Anything that is contaminated with these bacteria and is not heated to destroy the toxins before being eaten, may cause illness. Symptoms begin within one to three days. They include abdominal pains, diarrhea, fever and sometimes vomiting. The very young and the elderly can become very ill with this infection.
Modes of transmission include:
* raw or unpasteurized milk and milk products,
* undercooked or raw chicken and eggs,
* food prepared in an unsanitary manner, and
* contact with infected pets such as turtles and lizards.
Salmonella can be avoided in these ways:
* Wash your hands before preparing foods, before eating, after using the bathroom or changing diapers, and after handling pets.
* Refrigerate foods soon after purchase. Check "pull" dates, and dispose of any outdated food.
* Consume only pasteurized milk products.
* Clean all food preparation areas with a dilute solution of bleach and water, then rinse, before and after food preparation.
Check with your healthcare provider about eating advice before you travel to less developed areas. Treatment includes fluids, rest and antibiotics
Vertical transmission (transmission of the bacteria to and egg) can occur, subsequently chicks hatch and spread salmonella by direct contact. The embryo may die if bacteria levels become to high.
The disease has a greater chance of spreading in overcrowded conditions, stale air environments, nest-boxes, and brooders. Pet shops, bird marts, and quarantine stations are also high risk areas.
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Symptoms: General symptoms of Salmonella include lethargy, anorexia, and diarrhea. In chronic cases, arthritis (particularly in pigeons) may be present. With high dose infections excessive thirst, conjunctivitis along with indications of liver, spleen, kidney or heart damage can occur.
Some individual avian species have unique clinical symptoms. Outbreaks in lories (Loriidae) are associated with an acute disease and high flock mortality. African Grey Parrots are also very susceptible, but they develop a more chronic disease showing symptoms such as mucus discharge from the beak/nasal area, arthritis, excessive thirst, and dermatitis. Droppings are colored a sulphur yellowish green which is very much a diagnostic sign for this microorganism.
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Prevention: Proper hygiene is the best way to prevent outbreaks of Salmonella. Effective control of flies, rodents and other vermin are also essential eliminate in preventing Salmonella outbreaks. Strains of Salmonella present in companion birds are generally not considered to be of any danger to a healthy human being. They may however, threaten infants, the elderly, or those with immunosuppressive diseases. Humans carrying Salmonella can infect their companion birds. Such human-to-animal interactions have been shown to occur, especially with African Greys, Amazons, Cockatoos and Macaws.
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Treatment: Treatment of salmonella infections are more successful if the precise species is first determined. Once the particular species of salmonella has been identified, the appropriate antibiotic can be administered. The frequently found Salmonella strains are sensitive to many commonly available antibiotics, but strains from free ranging birds have varying degrees of resistance.
ANTIBIOTICS:
Kanamycin: Dosage: .01 mgl to one gram of body weight intramuscularly twice daily.
Gentamycin: Dosage: .01 mg to one gram of body weight intramuscularly once daily or 25 mg. to 120 ml of drinking water orally.
Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole Suspension: Dosage .002 ml to one gram of body weight orally twice daily.
Sodium Sulfachiorpridazine Powder: Dosage ¼ tsp to 120 ml drinking water
ANTIDIARRHEALS:
Pepto Bismol: Coats the intestinal tract. Helps to form a firmer stool. Dosage 2-3 drops in the mouth, 3 times daily.
Kaopectate: Daolin and pectin coat the intestinal tract and form a firmer stool. Dosage 3 drops in the mouth 3 times daily.
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